FILE - In this Oct. 28, 2020, file photo, Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey appears on a screen as he speaks remotely during a hearing before the Senate Commerce Committee on Capitol Hill, in Washington. Shares of Twitter are surging at the market open on Monday, Nov. 29, 2021 following a report that Dorsey will be stepping down from his post. (Michael Reynolds/Pool Photo via AP, File)
Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey will step down as CEO of the social media platform, the company announced. He will be succeeded by Twitter's current Chief Technology Officer Parag Agrawal.
Dorsey, a St. Louis native, will remain on the board until his term expires in 2022.
Agrawal has been CTO since 2017 and at Twitter since 2011.
In a letter posted on his Twitter account, Dorsey said he was βreally sad...yet really happyβ about leaving the company and that it was his decision.
Dorsey has faced several distractions as CEO, starting with the fact that heβs also founder and CEO of the payments company Square. Critics have long complained that the arrangement has divided his attention to Twitterβs detriment.
Twitter shares rose 5% to $49.47 in morning trading after the announcement.
Dorsey became Twitter CEO in 2007, but was forced out the next year. He returned to the role in 2015.
While Twitter has high-profile users like politicians and celebrities and is a favorite of journalists, its user base lags far behind old rivals like Facebook and YouTube and newer ones like TikTok. It has just over 200 million daily active users, a common industry metric.
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College majors with the greatest gender disparities
College majors with the greatest gender disparities
Updated
Gender disparities persist in college majors, then trickle down to careers, whether in computer science and electrical engineering, or nursing and teaching. Some progress has been made in encouraging more women to enter male-dominated fields and to close gaps in wages. Computer programming is one example where the wage gap has shrunk since 2016. But in other cases, inequities persist: 50% of women leave tech jobs by the time they are 35 years old.
As for the reverse, women continue to dominate in careers such as nursing or teaching, but often men in those fields earn more than women. Women in government public health jobs make $3,000 less than men in the same positions, or men in special education jobs out earn women by $2,400.
StudySoupΒ compiled data from theΒ National Center for Education Statistics to identify 15 college majors with the greatest gender disparities. The data is submitted by all U.S. colleges participating in the Title IV federal financial aid program, with 2017β18 being the most recent year available. StudySoup removed majors with less than 5,000 students, leaving just over 1,000 disciplines in the dataset.
StudySoup recognizes the data collected views gender through a binary lens, which does not accurately represent all gender identities. A recent study estimates about 1.2 million adults in the U.S. identify as nonbinary, a population not explored in the collected data set.
#15. Information technology
Updated
- Total students: 10,054
- Percent male students: 79.8%
- Percent female students: 20.2%
Students can go on to become a software developer, a web developer, a data visualizer, a programmer, or a security analyst. A study from Girls Who Code and Accenture found that women were dropping technology careers faster than men. Fifty percent of women leave their jobs by the time they are 35; only 21% said the technology industry would allow them to thrive. For women of color, that number drops to only 8%.
#14. Animal sciences, general
Updated
- Total students: 5,890
- Percent male students: 20.1%
- Percent female students: 79.9%
Though women make up the majority of veterinarians, a pay gap has persisted. A study found female veterinarians in private practices had a median income of $88,000 in 2011, compared to $112,000 for their male counterparts. By 2018, the pay gap had closed somewhat, with a mean starting salary of $82,000 for women compared to $85,000 for menβor from 9% in 2012 to 3% in 2018. But the pay gap widens over time, particularly among veterinarians with incomes of more than $100,000.
#13. Public health, general
Updated
- Total students: 6,656
- Percent male students: 19.1%
- Percent female students: 80.9%
Public health is another field in which women are in the majority but are paid less than men. Women in government public health jobs make $3,000 less each year than men in the same positions, according to 2017 data. Although women account for 79% of those in government jobs, they make up only 36% of the leadership.
#12. Computer science
Updated
- Total students: 26,313
- Percent male students: 81.7%
- Percent female students: 18.3%
Men are not only over-represented in the computer science field, but they also can expect to have higher incomes. A 2021 study by the U.S. National Science Foundation found that among those with doctorates in mathematics and computer sciences, men anticipated a median salary of $125,000 compared to $101,500 for women. Researchers at Stanford Graduate School of Business found one reason women may make less than men in STEMβor science, technology, engineering, and mathematicsβis self confidence. Employers in computer science and engineering appear to offer higher salaries to those who are self assured.
#11. Computer and information sciences, general
Updated
- Total students: 20,707
- Percent male students: 82.2%
- Percent female students: 17.8%
The wage gap between men and women who work as programmers is about 11.3%, according to an analysis by Glassdoor. About 79% of programmers are men, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. While the pay gap is still vast, it has gotten smaller since 2016, when it was 28.3%. In information technology, that gap is 5.4%.
#10. Electrical and electronics engineering
Updated
- Total students: 16,694
- Percent male students: 85.6%
- Percent female students: 14.4%
A 2016 article in the Harvard Business Review looked at why so many women left the engineering field and concluded that the male culture of engineering may be to blame. Female students reported being assigned menial tasks and being treated in stereotypical ways. Women account for 20% of all engineering graduates, but nearly 40% of them either do not work as engineers or they quit. Women also were more likely to say they were interested in βsocially consciousβ work.
#9. Mechanical engineering
Updated
- Total students: 35,182
- Percent male students: 85.7%
- Percent female students: 14.3%
Only 13.2% of bachelorβs degrees in mechanical engineering went to women in 2015, according to the American Society of Engineering education. But some universities are making progress in getting more women into the field. At MITβs undergraduate Department of Mechanical Engineering, 49.5% of the students were women in 2016. One way the university drew more female students was to employ more female professors.
#8. Human services, general
Updated
- Total students: 6,938
- Percent male students: 13.7%
- Percent female students: 86.3%
Students who specialize in human services can put their education to use in a variety of jobs, from case worker to community outreach worker, or substance abuse counselor to court support worker. But the wage gap persists: The average salary gap for male and female social workers was approximately $7,052, a 2011 studyΒ reported.
#7. Computer engineering, general
Updated
- Total students: 8,266
- Percent male students: 87.4%
- Percent female students: 12.6%
According to the Pew Research Center, efforts to increase the number of women in STEM occupations is uneven. Women are still underrepresented in such jobs as computing, engineering, and physical sciences. Women earned 58% of all college degrees in 2018, but only about half of those degrees were in STEM fields. Women make up 25% of those employed in computer occupations, with their share in the field dropping from 2000 to 2016 before remaining stable.
#6. Registered nursing/registered nurse
Updated
- Total students: 139,952
- Percent male students: 12.5%
- Percent female students: 87.5%
Despite the overwhelming preponderance of women in the field, men earn more than women, according to a study from Nurse.com. Men make on average $79,688 a year compared to $73,090 for womenβa more than $6,000 difference. Men are more likely to negotiate their salariesβ43% of men compared to 34% of womenβand to complete a degree program or participate in training. This also extends to specialties as men who are certified in a specialty earned $1,252 more than women who are also certified.
#5. Social work
Updated
- Total students: 21,698
- Percent male students: 11.3%
- Percent female students: 88.7%
In 2015, 83% of social workers were women, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. A study by the National Association of Social Workers found only 10% of these men considered a social work career path before college. One reason for the disparity may be a bias about who is able to best fill roles that involve caring for people. Men make up only 10% of the membership of the American Counseling Association, a drop from 30% in 1982.
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#4. Special education and teaching, general
Updated
- Total students: 6,197
- Percent male students: 10.6%
- Percent female students: 89.4%
Among special educator teachers, women make up 85.6% of the workforce. Despite this, men still earn more than women. Average salaries are $54,319 for men but only $51,915 for women, a difference of more than $2,000 a year.
#3. Elementary education and teaching
Updated
- Total students: 27,484
- Percent male students: 8.1%
- Percent female students: 91.9%
Since the beginning of the 1980s, more men have taken up teaching careers, but the share of women in the classroom continues to grow, according to a study led by the University of Pennsylvania. About 67% of public school teachers were women during the 1980β81 school year, and in the 2015β16 school year, that number rose to 76%.
#2. Human development and family studies, general
Updated
- Total students: 8,499
- Percent male students: 8.0%
- Percent female students: 92.0%
A degree in human development and family studies can lead to jobs such as social worker, marriage or family therapist, or rehabilitation counselor. Men account for fewer than 10% of social workers under the age of 34. Compared to the early 1980s, the number stood at 36%. And in the 1970s, men received half of masterβs degrees in psychology, compared to 20% in 2013.
#1. Early childhood education and teaching
Updated
- Total students: 12,179
- Percent male students: 3.8%
- Percent female students: 96.2%
Fewer than 3% of preschool and kindergarten teachers are men, according to 2019 figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. That number has remained unchanged over decades. A 2019 study from the Borough of Manhattan Community College in New York City found that male teachers encountered societal or cultural resistance. Other barriers to making the field more diverse: low pay, few mentors, and traditional recruiting approaches that fail to reach men.
This story was produced and distributed in partnership with Stacker Studio.
