Tucson and other parched Arizona cities offer rebates for businesses and homes that harvest rainwater, but the practice struggles to gain momentum in the Phoenix area.
The ancient method can conserve thousands of gallons of water, reducing reliance on groundwater and other sources. Rebates can motivate people to install water-collection tanks or landscape-design systems to capture rain for indoor and outdoor use, conservation experts say.
Tucson leads Arizona in encouraging rainwater harvesting. Since 2010, city law requires that at least half of the landscaping for any new building use rainwater. The city offers up to a $2,000 rebate for rain-harvesting systems at homes and businesses that have become more popular over the years. Prescott and Flagstaff also offer rebates.
But in Maricopa County, where about 60 percent of Arizona residents live, experts said none of the 27 cities or towns offers rebates specifically for rainwater collection or storage systems.
“There are nowhere near enough people doing this,” said Tucson advocate Brad Lancaster, who harvests rainwater for almost all of his daily needs, from drinking water to washing dishes. “I don’t say this to be Dr. Doom, I say this to inspire, but we are moving at a glacial pace with this.”
To harvest
or not harvest
Cities looking to encourage water conservation should consider offering rebates in order to heighten community interest, experts said.
“Phoenix cities need to adopt a rebate with specific language to rainwater harvesting that can help people understand the benefits of these systems,” said Ryan Wood, program manager for the Watershed Management Group’s Phoenix branch. “Rebates would help encourage folks to invest in a system.”
But some city leaders feel otherwise.
“It isn’t even a blip on our radar,” said Phoenix city spokeswoman Stephanie Bracken.
The city believes that conservation practices are already strong, Bracken said, noting that overall water usage has declined since 1985 and because of this, such rebates aren’t needed.
Some cities, including Mesa and Chandler, offer versions of turf removal rebates, but simply eradicating grass is a “missed opportunity,” Wood said.
“The rebates are not specifically for passive earthworks and is missing the specific rainwater-harvesting rebate as offered in Tucson,” Wood said.
Instead, business and homeowners should craft berms, swales and basins, a method otherwise known as “passive harvesting” or “earthworks,” to direct rainwater throughout a landscape. Done well, the rain could not only more effectively water desert plants, but also help recharge groundwater.
Lancaster encourages people to start with passive systems, where the cost of a new landscape is sometimes just “time and a shovel.”
For “active harvesting” systems, or ones that utilize a storage tank of sorts, the price tag starts at around $200 for a small residential home, but can cost thousands for businesses, depending on factors such as location, the size of a building and the desired amount of storage.
One inch of rain on a 1,000-square-foot roof can collect about 600 gallons of rainwater to be stored for later indoor or outdoor use. Phoenix-area residents experience about 8 inches of annual rainfall, potentially capturing 4,800 gallons of water a year.
“Simply put, every gallon you capture is a gallon you don’t need to pump,” Wood said.
Expanding the rainwater cause
Businesses and organizations look to expand rainwater-harvesting efforts into areas where the practice is not as common.
The Tucson-based Watershed Management Group, which educates communities on how to implement environmentally friendly practices, opened an office in Phoenix about six years ago to start a long-term vision of expanding further into the Southwest.
The sheer size of the Phoenix area is a challenge for harvesting expansion, Wood said.
“There are over 4 million people here. Are we hitting every home? Do they even know about us? We have more outreach to do,” Wood said.
One of the group’s latest efforts is Hydrate Arizona, a five-part, in-person series that introduces participants to rainwater-harvesting methods. The program launched in Phoenix 2015 and has since expanded to different cities including Mesa and Glendale, growing in class size from about 20 participants to more than 50, Wood said.
Cities in the Phoenix valley and elsewhere promote water conservation through other methods, including seminars and classes.
Wood described the overall progress as “slow moving but steady,” which seems to be the theme for other Arizona cities that now offer rebates, including Prescott.
When Barnabus Kane opened Skywater Rainwater Collection Systems in 2005, it was the only business in Prescott providing harvesting systems, he said.
“There were always interested homeowners, but it was very much a backyard hippie thing at first,” Kane said. “Only the outliers were doing it.”
Today, Kane’s business has expanded to include large-scale commercial systems in addition to residential systems. Some of the systems have been built outside of Prescott, where a rebate of 50 cents for every gallon of storage up to $500 is available.
Drought influences rebate policies
Committed advocates and a city’s history with drought influence the creation of rainwater-harvesting policies as progress sometimes comes from necessity and passion.
“Tucson’s water crisis really spurred development,” said Catlow Shipek, a founding member of the Watershed Management Group.
“I see Phoenix without having that conservation ethic at the residential level; it will take time to build that momentum.”
Decades ago, Tucson’s only water source was its rapidly depleting groundwater, so the demand in other areas such as Phoenix, “was not quite as immediate,” Lancaster said.
Shipek credits Tucson’s robust rebate system to Lancaster and other city officials’ early efforts to popularize the practice.
Tucson’s rebate program has grown 35 percent since the 2012-13 fiscal year, from 296 applications processed for rainwater-harvesting rebates to 438 so far this fiscal year, a water-department spokesman said.
“Prior to 2006, water harvesting for the most part didn’t exist,” Lancaster said. “It was here, but was very hidden and practiced by very few.”
