Tucson Police take a protester into custody on Park Avenue as law enforcement personnel from several area agencies clear an encampment of pro-Palestinian protesters from the University of Arizona campus, May 1.

 Kelly Presnell photos, Arizona Daily Star

Officersโ€™ โ€œminimal useโ€ of pepper balls and rubber bullets in breaking up a protest camp at the University of Arizona early Wednesday was warranted due to โ€œthe dangerous actions of the protesters,โ€ UAโ€™s president says, but student government leaders disagree.

Four demonstrators were arrested at UA after an hours-long standoff with police, three for criminal trespass, and one for criminal trespass and aggravated assault against a peace officer, UA President Robert C. Robbins said.

One was an undergraduate student, another a graduate student, and two were unaffiliated with the university, he said. Their names were not made public. Protest organizers told the Arizona Daily Star on Wednesday afternoon that all those arrested have been released.

โ€œDue to the dangerous actions of the protestors," Robbins said, "law enforcement had little choice but to take significant measures, including the wearing of tactical safety gear and a minimal use of pepper balls and rubber bullets to disperse the crowd and to protect themselves and others while clearing the area.

โ€œBy approximately 2:30 a.m., Park Avenue and the encampment were cleared,โ€ he continued, referring to the one-day camp that pro-Palestinian protesters set up Tuesday near the UA main gate and next to Arizona State Museum. The protest,ย against Israelโ€™s actions in its war with Hamas in Gaza, was organized by a group called Students Against Apartheid.

The standoff between police and the demonstrators lasted from about 10:30 p.m., when protesters defied a campus curfew for non-academic activities despite repeated warnings of arrests, to just before 2 a.m., when Robbins directed law enforcement officers to โ€œimmediately enforce campus use policies and all corresponding laws without further warning.โ€

Officers in riot gear fired the pepper balls and rubber bullets and began making arrests. The other protesters in the encampment immediately retreated and left.

Pro-Palestinian protestors at the University of Arizona retreat after arrests.

"Thankfully, as of this message, we are not aware of any significant injuries to students, faculty, staff, protestors, or members of law enforcement," Robbins wrote inย his statement Wednesdayย afternoon, sent to students, faculty and staff.ย 

During the standoff, โ€œ ... Law enforcement members were assaulted with projectiles. In addition, hundreds of protestors and counter-protestors gathered on Park Avenue, creating a volatile environment. At my direction and in consultation with the University of Arizona Office of Public Safety and UAPD, supported by partner law enforcement agencies, a plan was implemented to clear the area with an emphasis on protecting everyone,โ€ Robbins said.

Alyssa Sanchez, president of the Associated Students of the UA, and Jeremy Bernick, president of the Graduate and Professional Student Council, countered in a joint statement: โ€œThe use of force against peaceful students has never and will never deserve to have a place on our campus.โ€

The two students, who were elected to represent over 50,000 of their peers, said that โ€œas student leaders โ€ฆ we will relentlessly push the administration to drop all potential code of conduct threats to students who have exercised their right to free expression this past week.โ€

โ€œWhen campus police got involved in the 60โ€™s against students protesting the war in Vietnam, in the 80โ€™s against apartheid in South Africa, in the 2000โ€™s against the Iraq War and in recent years with the Black Lives Matter movement; campus police always incite, escalate and perpetuate unnecessary and disproportionate violence on peaceful students,โ€ Sanchez and Bernick wrote.

Robbins seemed to disagree.

โ€œWhile freedom of speech and free expression are encouraged at our university, we will not allow students, faculty, staff, or outside agitators to violate the law or our policies and put anyone at risk,โ€ he wrote.

After the demonstrators formed an encampment Monday on the UA Mall, โ€œdespite repeated, respectful and clear communication with protestors, the protestors once again violated campus use policies on Tuesday,โ€ Robbins wrote.

โ€œAgain, after ongoing dialogue with protest organizers, University officials began a formal warning process. Officials communicated to protesters to remove unauthorized structures and disperse by 10:30 p.m. The university and members of law enforcement sought to avoid escalation of the situation and continued to provide repeated warnings, including the possibility of arrest. Protestors ignored the warning, continued to reinforce their encampment and chanted, โ€˜If you come in, we will fight youโ€™.โ€

โ€œ โ€ฆ As officers attempted to move protestors off Park Avenue, many physically resisted and additional projectiles were once again thrown at close range at officers,โ€ Robbins continued.

Beginning immediately and lasting at least through May 15, Robbins said, โ€œWe will strictly enforce our campus use policies, including a prohibition on all non-permitted shade coverings, including canopies and tents.

โ€œNo events or large gatherings will be allowed on campus without a permit authorized in advance. I have directed Vice President and Chief Safety Officer Steve Patterson to review all permit requests.

โ€œUAPD will take a zero-tolerance approach, acting swiftly and decisively to enforce our campus use policy, which can include issuing no warnings before taking action.โ€

Robbins said these steps show his commitment to safety and "continued operations of the university."

UA also fenced off grassy portions of its mall after Mondayโ€™s encampment there and posted โ€œno trespassingโ€ signs.

A Students Against Apartheid encampment organizer, first-year UA student Harlow Parkin, said the protesters, who are โ€œdemandingโ€ among other steps that the UA divest from Israel and defund UA Police, are โ€œeven more energized.โ€

โ€œWe feel more motivated than we ever have,โ€ said Parkin, who said he was hit in the head with a rubber bullet during the police actions early Wednesday.

โ€œThough we were horrified by the administrationโ€™s response to our encampment and protests yesterday night, we are more grateful for the immense support of the UA and Tucson communities,โ€ Parkin said.

A line of protesters link arms and brace for the next thrust from law enforcement breaking up a camp of pro-Palestinian protesters on the University of Arizona campus, May 1.

One of the groupโ€™s leaders walks Park Avenue urging on the protestors outside an encampment of pro-Palestinian protesters at the University of Arizona, April 30.

A line of Tucson Police officers advance on a the pack of a few hundred pro-Palestinian protesters gathered on Park Avenue outside the University of Arizona campus, May 1.

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Reporter Ellie Wolfe covers higher education for the Arizona Daily Star and Tucson.com. Contact: ewolfe@tucson.com. Follow her on X @elliew0lfe.

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