Universities across the country have taken steps in recent years to centralize the handling of discrimination allegations against students and faculty and to act with consistency.
At the University of Utah, thatโs the way itโs always been done.
Utahโs Office of Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action and Title IX has long been responsible for the schoolโs nondiscrimination policies and also handles complaints regarding sexual misconduct, said Sherrie Hayashi, Utahโs Title IX coordinator and director of the Office of Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action.
Despite avoiding the lawsuits involving sexual misconduct that have plagued other schools, Utah administrators have not rested on their laurels. In February 2017, Utah revised its nondiscrimination policy in order to make it more clear, easier to find and follow, and applicable across the university. The change realigned multiple codes and policies to focus on the schoolโs commitment to creating an environment thatโs free from discrimination and sexual misconduct.
Hayashi said the review of Utahโs policies was prompted by the reports and findings coming out of other schools, which she said provided direction as to what the federal government was seeking in terms of Title IX and discrimination prevention.
โAll of us wanted to make sure that our policies were consistent with Title IX,โ Hayashi said. โNot that they werenโt previously.โ
Under Utahโs updated policy, students can bring an adviser with them to interviews following the filing of a complaint and can participate in Skype interviews if theyโre unable to appear in person. Campus employees have an obligation to notify the Office of Equal Opportunity if a student or subordinate discloses that theyโve experienced sexual misconduct.
The change didnโt alter the process for handling complaints; rather, Utah officials say, it clarified the way the policies work. Representatives from academic affairs, human resources, athletics, public safety, the dean of students, Office of General Counsel, Academic Senate and other areas of campus all participated in the policy update.
The realigned policy is one of several changes Utah has implemented in recent years. Last year, the school began using a new case management system to improve its ability to track and respond to reports more quickly. The year before, it launched a new website with information about campus safety and reporting in a central location. It also created an online course about sexual assault prevention for all incoming students.
The school has invested in both technology and people. It hired an additional victim-survivor advocate in the Center for Student Wellness, created three new positions in the Office of Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action and Title IX, increased sexual misconduct presentations to students and staff, adjusted the orientation session for new students to place a greater focus on bystander intervention, and developed materials to clearly describe school policies and procedures.
Utahโs nondiscrimination policy applies across the board, and while there isnโt a separate policy for student-athletes, officials work closely with the athletic department to ensure proper training on prohibited conduct and where to make a report and seek resources, Hayashi said.
โWeโve been very appreciative of the leadership within athletics making sure that message is sent across all of athletics, whether itโs staff, or faculty members who may be involved, and also student-athletes,โ she said.
โJust making sure that they know that thereโs a safe place for reporting to occur, that people understand what the expectations are for behavior. Weโre also very clear in explaining that the messaging from the leadership is very much so that sexual misconduct wonโt be tolerated.โ
When the university learned in February that an assistant equipment manager, Dale Stewlow, was issued a one-year suspension from the University of Arizona for violating the schoolโs code of conduct related to sexual misconduct and unwanted contact, it promised โimmediate and appropriate action.โ Utah officials said they received a positive reference from the UA, and that Stewlow passed a criminal background check. State law prevents them from disclosing the results of any personnel action taken.
Utahโs constant reviews of its programs to prevent and handle sexual misconduct have drawn attention from other schools trying to shore up their efforts to enforce Title IX, a federal law that aims to protect students from discrimination, including gender violence. The Arizona Daily Star reviewed efforts around the country, with financial help from the Solutions Journalism Network, which focuses on journalism that helps people understand problems and presents possible ways to respond.
New ways to reach students
Utah students who file a discrimination report can seek resources or intermediary measures, such as academic or housing adjustments and no-contact orders, without making a formal complaint.
โA lot of people who come to our office simply want the behavior to stop,โ Hayashi said. โPerhaps if theyโve experienced something fairly egregious, then they are looking for those types of accommodations and support from the institution.โ
All incoming Utah students โ both freshmen and transfers โ undergo a student orientation that includes sexual misconduct prevention and what to do if it occurs. The school also holds regular training sessions for student-athletes.
โWe hit all of the teams to make sure that we are educating those individuals, and we also have a training with coaches and administrative staff,โ she said.
Utahโs Center for Student Wellness conducts healthy relationship, consent and bystander training for the athletic department and campus-wide. Last year, the center brought a performance group onto campus to introduce a different element into its bystander training and is constantly trying to come up with new and different ways to reach students, Hayashi said.
โWe know that everybody learns differently and has different interests, so weโre trying to find different ways to engage individuals,โ Hayashi said.
Utah recently completed its second sexual assault climate survey and learned that a lot of students werenโt aware of what resources existed and what to do if they were a victim, said Annalisa Purser, Utahโs associate director of communications.
The results, which were released in February, indicated that more people reported experiencing sexual misconduct compared to the number of officially reported incidents.
โOne of the things reported on the survey is that they had seen information discussing sexual misconduct and theyโve having more discussions with family members, staff and faculty and in classes,โ Hayashi said. โI see that as progress, and so I feel good about that.โ
The survey found that harassment was the most frequent report, followed by sexual assault and sexual misconduct. In more than half of the incidents of nonconsensual sexual contact, alcohol was involved. Most sexual assault issues were reported to occur in private residences off campus.
And while more students reported an increased awareness about sexual assault and prevention, more than half of students were still unaware of university support resources for victims.
โWeโre trying to use that information to better inform how to do that,โ Purser said.
โWeโve done more training, but we recognize that students are getting a lot of information, so doing this on an ongoing basis and looking for other types of ways to communicate to students is really important.โ
Educating students about Title IX and other nondiscrimination issues is an ongoing effort, Hayashi said.
โWe just always have to continue to find better ways of doing things and working at it,โ she said.
A changing environment
In response to a public records request by ESPN last fall, Utah reported 57 Title IX complaints against students, three of them against student-athletes, from, Jan. 1, 2012, through Dec. 31, 2017. Complaints against student-athletes made up 5.3 percent of the total complaints, although athletes only make up 1.3 percent of the total student population.
โA lot of students donโt anticipate that something like this will happen to them, and thatโs a good thing, but unfortunately, it does happen to some people and weโve learned that students are most likely to tell a friend as opposed to talking to someone at the university,โ Purser said.
โSo that has informed the way that we try to communicate with and train our students. Itโs acknowledging that itโs important for them to be aware of these resources and to understand where to report and things like that, because they may need that knowledge in order to be a good friend if the situation should ever arise.โ
While the sexual assault climate survey is one way Utah officials measure the effectiveness of their nondiscrimination training and policies, they also seek feedback from coaches, administrators and students. Sexual assaults are widely known to be underreported, so one of Utahโs goals is to create a culture where students are comfortable reporting, Purser said.
โUltimately thereโs this goal that sexual misconduct doesnโt happen on campus, but thatโs maybe an unrealistic and lofty goal,โ Hayashi said. But the campus survey provides them with a tool that offers year-to-year comparisons that let officials see if theyโre doing a better job of informing students and if students feel more engaged.
As many universities wait to see what will happen with Title IX guidelines following Secretary of Education Betsy DeVosโ proposal of major changes, itโs still important for schools to identify areas where they should be focusing their attention, Hayashi said.
โAthletics has a natural-built team mentality, so sometimes itโs hard to report,โ Hayashi said. โWe see this is in academic departments as well, where thereโs a close relationship between a faculty member and their graduate students, for example.โ
The environment surrounding sexual misconduct has changed immensely since Title IX was introduced in 1972, and perhaps even more since the inception of the #MeToo movement, in terms of what issues are being reported and how reports are handled, she said.
โWe just need to always keep an eye on those types of issues and make sure that weโre thinking about how to address them, but it changes all the time,โ she said.
Purser called the constant review of the effectiveness of Title IX programs โwork that will never be done.โ
โItโs just an ongoing work,โ Utah spokeswoman Purser said. โI donโt think anyone will ever be perfect at it, but we certainly always can be working to improve.โ
Hayashi is hesitant to use the word โsuccessโ to talk about Utahโs program, saying she believes it indicates a degree of complacency.
โI think weโre a long way from success,โ Hayashi said. โItโs just progress and making sure that weโre looking at these trends and doing our best to address them.โ