The Colorado River faces greater risks to its supply than at any time in recorded history, says a top Interior Department official in explaining why federal officials have ordered drastic curbs in river water use next year.
βWeβre facing a growing reality that water resource for agriculture, cities, industry and the ecosystem are no longer stable due to climate change,β Tanya Trujillo, Interiorβs assistant secretary for water and science, told a water conference Thursday at the University of Colorado in Boulder. βWe have an urgent need to act now.β
Trujillo spoke two days after Bureau of Reclamation Commissioner Camille Touton testified in Congress that the seven Colorado River Basin states β including Arizona β must reduce their take from the river in 2023 by 2 million to 4 million acre-feet a year. That would be out of their recent annual use of about 14 million acre-feet.
Trujillo said Interior officials have an obligation to protect their system of reservoirs, dams, pipelines and other water infrastructure to insure it will continue to operate as designed.
βThat applies to all sectors: agriculture, municipal, environmental uses, tribal partners in the basin and partners in Mexico,β Trujillo said. βWeβre all invested in the future security of this basin. Our goal is to implement future strategies to stabilize and rebuild the system so we donβt constantly find ourself at the brink of crisis.β
βTerrible runoff conditionsβ
Trujilloβs comments came as authorities have grappled with three consecutive years of river runoff thatβs well below normal, on top of a steady decline in river flows since 2000. In 2021, the worst year of the past three, April through July runoff into Lake Powell was 26% of normal, one of the lowest on record. This year, itβs forecast at 55% of normal.
βThe only new news is that we continue to see the dry hydrology thatβs progressing on the river, and (weβre having) one more year of terrible runoff conditions,β Trujillo said.
This year, prior to the latest announcement from Reclamation, the Interior Department had said it would release an extra 500,000 acre-feet into Lake Powell from Flaming Gorge Reservoir at the Utah-Wyoming border, and that it would hold back another 480,000 acre-feet in Lake Powell that it had previously planned to release to Lake Mead. But at the time those measures were approved in early May, Interior officials acknowledged they wouldnβt be enough to stabilize the reservoirs for the long term and that additional cuts would be needed.
This week, the Interior Department will issue a notice announcing it will take comments from water users and the general public as to what issues it should consider in overseeing efforts by the seven basin states to revise the operating guidelines for river reservoirs that were last approved in 2007, Trujillo said.
βWe intend to develop the next set of operating rules in an inclusive, transparent manner, based on the best science,β she said.
Will cuts be temporary?
In a brief interview with the Star following her talk, Trujillo did not directly respond to a question as to whether next yearβs water use cuts will be temporary or permanent.
She said the cuts, on top of the actions the department took in May regarding Lake Powell, will βfeed into the processβ the agency will use to develop the new reservoir operating guidelines, which will take effect after 2026.
When it seeks public comment on revising the guidelines, βwe will be seeking specific input on exactly the question you asked β what process we should be thinking about for the long term, what types of elements we will include,β Trujillo said. βWe are going to be working on a year by year basis to administer the system.
βWeβre looking for a longer term strategy to answer the question of how we manage available supplies we see in the future,β she said.
She offered one bit of good news in her Boulder talk: The Bureau of Reclamation has about $8.3 billion in funds from last yearβs congressionally approved infrastructure bill to help Western states adapt to the regionβs continued drying conditions.
Those conditions have grown so chronic that many scientists now say the West is in a state of long-term βaridificationβ instead of a shorter-term drought.
About $2.5 billion of that money can be used to help tribes deal with their water issues, Trujillo said.
The mood? βGlumβ
Responding to an audience question about whether Upper Basin states must contribute to next yearβs cutbacks, she said, βWe need to be talking about action in all states, all sectors, all available ways. We will be evaluating options in all basins.β
Officials in the Upper Basin states of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming have blamed the Lower Basin states for much if not most of the riverβs problems because Arizona, Nevada and California consume more than twice as much river water as the Upper Basin states.
βOur goal is to be working collectively with each partner in the states and Mexico on how we can help states and local communities do additional conservation,β Trujillo said.
Speaking remotely from Californiaβs Central Valley area, Trujillo said at one point, βIβm sorry that I canβt see the mood in the room.β New Mexico water researcher and author John Fleck, who had introduced her, replied, βItβs glum.β
βThis is tremendously sobering for all of us,β Trujillo said. βItβs a story none of us want to be in. We have to rely on our continuous commitment to carry out continued strategies. I have continued optimism we can get through this.β
Asked by an audience member if Interior officials have a plan in mind for how to carry out cutbacks, she replied, βThe short answer is no, we donβt have any formula, prebaked or preworked.
βNo doubt about it, we have to be very creative and develop a large list of potential options, provide resources and funding for assistance and programs that might work best in respective communities. We are going to have to be doing all of that at the same time,β Trujillo said.
βWe are likely to be in situations doing things we never had to do before. Weβre going to have to have guts to do these things.β
